From Frontier Policy to Foreign Policy: The Question of India and the Transformation of Geopolitics in Qing China


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Between the mid-eighteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries, Qing rulers, officials, and scholars fused diverse, fragmented perceptions of foreign territory into one integrated worldview. In the same period, a single "foreign" policy emerged as an alternative to the many localized "frontier" policies hitherto pursued on the coast, in Xinjiang, and in Tibet. By unraveling Chinese, Manchu, and British sources to reveal the information networks used by the Qing empire to gather intelligence about its emerging rival, British India, this book explores China's altered understanding of its place in a global context. Far from being hobbled by a Sinocentric worldview, Qing China's officials and scholars paid close attention to foreign affairs. To meet the growing British threat, they adapted institutional practices and geopolitical assumptions to coordinate a response across their maritime and inland borderlands. In time, the new and more active response to Western imperialism built on this foundation reshaped not only China's diplomacy but also the internal relationship between Beijing and its frontiers.
From Frontier Policy to Foreign Policy: The Question of India and the Transformation of Geopolitics in Qing China Review
This is a brilliant and serious scholarly study of Qing foreign policy and how it played a very 'great game' in the geopolitics of its time. Moving from what Mosca dubs a "frontier policy" of dealing with each border area on-site according to regional pressures and in the local idiom, the Qing gradually developed a synoptic "foreign policy," seeing all its territories as part of a concerted grand strategy. The case study is India and the potential threat posed by the British empire. Mosca's scholarship is impressive--familiarity with half a dozen languages was necessary to follow some of the place names, from Sanskrit to Manchu, to say nothing of his ability to translate the writings of some of the key actors so you can see history through their own perspective.There are all sorts of fun threads in this book: how does knowledge get created and lost, how is grand strategy formulated, what does imperialism look like through Asian eyes, or with a Chinese/Manchu face?
Despite being marketed as serious scholarship, this would be a brilliant book for anyone interested in China in the world, or someone looking for a perspective on China in international relations.
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