Sunday, June 30, 2013

Exploring Civil Society: Political and Cultural Contexts

Exploring Civil Society: Political and Cultural Contexts

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This volume explores how the idea of civil society has been translated in different cultural contexts and examines its impact on politics worldwide. Comparing and contrasting civil society in Latin America and Eastern Europe, Western Europe and the United States, Africa and South Asia, and the Middle East, the contributors show that there are multiple interpretations of the concept that depend more on the particular political configuration in different parts of the world than on cultural predilections. They also demonstrate that the power of civil society depends less on abstract definitions, and more on the extent to which it is grounded in the context of actual experiences from around the world.

This book includes some of the biggest names in the area such as Mary Kaldor, Ronnie Lipschutz and Helmut Anheier.

Exploring Civil Society: Political and Cultural Contexts Review

This is a great book for analysis of the role of civil society organizations throughout the world. I read it for a class, and it sparked a lot of discussion (and debate). It was enlightening to read about diverse global civil society activities during economic struggle, political revolutions and through other historical contexts such as in China in the 1980s, which I'd known nothing about. It's a great book & worth keeping on the shelf for reference.

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Saturday, June 29, 2013

Faith in Their Own Color: Black Episcopalians in Antebellum New York City (Religion and American Culture)

Faith in Their Own Color: Black Episcopalians in Antebellum New York City (Religion and American Culture)

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On a September afternoon in 1853, three African American men from St. Philip's Church walked into the Convention of the Episcopal Diocese of New York and took their seats among five hundred wealthy and powerful white church leaders. Ultimately, and with great reluctance, the Convention had acceded to the men's request: official recognition for St. Philip's, the first African American Episcopal church in New York City. In Faith in Their Own Color, Craig D. Townsend tells the remarkable story of St. Philip's and its struggle to create an autonomous and independent church. His work unearths a forgotten chapter in the history of New York City and African Americans and sheds new light on the ways religious faith can both reinforce and overcome racial boundaries.

Founded in 1809, St. Philip's had endured a fire; a riot by anti-abolitionists that nearly destroyed the church; and more than forty years of discrimination by the Episcopalian hierarchy. In contrast to the majority of African Americans, who were flocking to evangelical denominations, the congregation of St. Philip's sought to define itself within an overwhelmingly white hierarchical structure. Their efforts reflected the tension between their desire for self-determination, on the one hand, and acceptance by a white denomination, on the other.

The history of St. Philip's Church also illustrates the racism and extraordinary difficulties African Americans confronted in antebellum New York City, where full abolition did not occur until 1827. Townsend describes the constant and complex negotiation of the divide between black and white New Yorkers. He also recounts the fascinating stories of historically overlooked individuals who built and fought for St. Philip's, including Rev. Peter Williams, the second African American ordained in the Episcopal Church; Dr. James McCune Smith, the first African American to earn an M.D.; pickling magnate Henry Scott; the combative priest Alexander Crummell; and John Jay II, the grandson of the first chief justice of the Supreme Court and an ardent abolitionist, who helped secure acceptance of St. Philip's.

Faith in Their Own Color: Black Episcopalians in Antebellum New York City (Religion and American Culture) Review

Faith In Their Own Color is a Howard Zinn-like "people's history" of Black Episcopalians in Antebellum New York City. Perhaps various versions of the story that author Craig D. Townsend tells have been told before, but certainly not from a "people's" perspective, as Townsend's research of this community included a scrupulous reading of century-and-a-half old vestry and diocesan convention minutes, as well as diaries, letters, and correspondence of the people involved. When histories involve racism, scandal, or corruption, they are oftentimes told (if they are told at all) from a morally unambiguous stance - there are heroes and villains and the choices between good and evil appear to have been clear and easy. Such a simplistic telling of complex histories has plagued history books for generations, but in this case, Townsend has done a faithful job of lifting up the complexities of the story of a particular Episcopal Church in antebellum New York City. In the end, the story gets told, but the complex questions aren't necessarily answered.
This particular church was actually a particular group of faithful African Americans who eventually made up St. Philip's Episcopal Church in New York City. These people included the Rev. Peter Williams (the second African American to be ordained to the priesthood by the Episcopal Church), Dr. James McCune Smith, Peter Ray, Henry Scott, Philip White, and many others. Along with these leaders, the people of St. Philip's were committed to being Episcopalian rather than joining or forming a separate African American denomination, as was common in that era. This commitment to the Episcopal Church created a number of tensions and paradoxes into which those involved (on both sides) were forced to live. The primary tension that Townsend lifts up is that the people of St. Philip's were constantly at the mercy of the all-white hierarchical structure of the Episcopal Church, yet they seemingly were willing to be in order to achieve their goal of being recognized as an autonomous congregation within that very hierarchical church. "The oppressive measures imposed formally and informally by white citizens created both strictly parallel black and white cultures and the simultaneous necessity for interaction between those cultures in order to regulate or negotiate their relationship." (p. 3) This parallel certainly was the case of St. Philip's and the Episcopal Diocese of New York. Why were the people of St. Philip's so committed to joining the organization that had for so long denied them of their full humanity? Townsend reminds the reader that the answer is not simple, and that it is not safe to make broad-sweeping generalizations about the people of St. Philip's, for as a body they appeared to be rather unified in their goal, but they were still made up of a remarkably diverse group of individuals. But what most of these individuals seemed to share in common was a deep love and respect for the worship and polity of the Episcopal Church, and the desire to be officially recognized as being worthy of full participation. And they were willing to play by the rules to get what they wanted. What could be more Episcopalian? If they had to prove that they could be "orderly and devout" in their worship, they were willing to do so. Townsend's research revealed that on more than one occasion, St. Philip's was recognized by white high churchmen (including Bishop John Henry Hobart) as being particularly faithful in carrying out the rubrics of high church worship. Once again, irony prevailed as the church that was trying to prove its worthiness of full inclusion was actually setting the bar for high church worship in the diocese.
The Episcopal Church's goal of unity in the midst of the 19th century political upheaval surrounding slavery ended up being what finally allowed St. Philip's to be admitted to the New York Diocesan Convention in 1853. But once again, irony abounds, as the primary reason that St. Philip's was admitted to the convention was that it would put an end to the larger debate of slavery/abolition, which was dividing Protestant denominations such as the Presbyterians, Baptists, and Methodists. The Episcopal Church avoided division by avoiding the issue. When Episcopal abolitionist rabble-rousers like John Jay II insisted on speaking of the larger and more divisive issue of racism in the Episcopal Church, and slavery in the United States, it initially hurt St. Philip's' case, because his impassioned pleas on the floor of diocesan conventions immediately got the issue tabled, year after year. However, when St. Philip's' officiating (white) minister William Morris approached the convention in a more moderate and politically tactful manner, the goal of inclusion was finally achieved. But while St. Philip's rejoiced in finally being fully included in the Episcopal Diocese of New York, ironically, it was at the price of the larger issue of slavery being set aside.
Unfortunately, Townsend's research failed to uncover much evidence of the role of the women of the St. Philip's community. He observes that as in most churches of that era, the women likely had a pivotal role in the life of the community, but it just wasn't recorded in their records.
As mentioned above, Townsend doesn't set out to provide simple answers to complex questions. Instead, he tells a story that had not yet been told, and in doing so, many questions remain. Were the people of St. Philip's betraying their fellow African Americans by joining the enemy? Was the Diocese of New York's inclusion of St. Philip's a left-handed gesture, inspired by self-preservation rather than social justice? Was the far-left liberal abolitionist John Jay actually as helpful to St. Philip's as previous histories have made him out to be? Why did Jay never worship or socialize with any of the very African Americans for whom he advocated? Was the Reverend Peter Williams a courageous trailblazer for African Americans or an obsequious fence walker that was afraid to stand up for himself and his congregation? All of these questions point to the number of complexities and ironies that arose in the story unearthed by Townsend. Though Townsend didn't provide easy answers in his book, in telling the "people's" history of St. Philip's Episcopal Church, he leaves no doubt that this community of people was as faithful and committed to the worship, polity, and mission of the Episcopal Church as any diocese or any bishop could hope to have under their care.

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Friday, June 28, 2013

Farewell to Christendom: The Future of Church and State in America

Farewell to Christendom: The Future of Church and State in America

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Thomas Curry argues that discussion and interpretation of the First Amendment have reached a point of deep crisis. Historical scholarship dealing with the background and interpretation of the Amendment are at an impasse, and judicial interpretation is in a state of disarray. Here, Curry provides a new paradigm for the understanding and exploration of religious liberty, contending that much of the present confusion can be traced to habits of mind that persist from Christendom and inevitably draw government into religious matters. The First Amendment, however, was meant to be a departure from the thinking that had preceded it for nearly fifteen hundred years. Curry traces much of the current difficulty to the largely unexamined assumption on the part of judges and scholars that the amendment created a right--the right to free exercise of religion--and that the courts are the guardians of that right. The First Amendment is, in fact, a limitation on government and a guarantee that the government will not impinge on the religious liberty that citizens already possess by natural right. Here, Curry shows that the key to finding more coherence between Church-State decisions and the historical meaning and purpose of the First Amendment lies in embracing this understanding of the Amendment as a limitation on government.

Farewell to Christendom: The Future of Church and State in America Review

For some time we have not had a truly radical approach to the reading of the First Amendment as it relates to Church-State Relations. Now Thomas Curry, the Roman Catholic Auxiliary Bishop of Santa Barbara, CA, has provided one that I believe will stimulate productive discussions from all sides.Whereas people have largely divided themselves into "separationists" or "accommodationists," a general literalism of approach has blocked our seeing the historical roots of the First Amendment. Those who framed and passed the Amendment did not think like modern Americans, either those who wish for governmental support or those who would put a wall of separation between religion and government.Read carefully, and seen in the context of writers like Jame Madison and the experience of the colonies, the Amendment actually declares that the government has no power in questions of religion. It declares itself incapable of judging religious questions. The founders did not want to support any religion as had been the case with governments of many stripes in the past. Neither did they wish to have a say on what religion was the best or what religion could do. Goernment simply had no competence in religious matters.All religions, not just Roman Catholicism, will be affected by an understanding and acceptance of Curry's views. Freedom for Jehovah's Witnesses, Jews, Muslims--for all religions--is what the First Amendment guarantees for Amricans. Help other customers find the most helpful reviews� Was this review helpful to you?�Yes No Report abuse | PermalinkComment�Comment

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Thursday, June 27, 2013

Finite Volume Methods for Hyperbolic Problems (Cambridge Texts in Applied Mathematics, 31)

Finite Volume Methods for Hyperbolic Problems (Cambridge Texts in Applied Mathematics, 31)

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This book contains an introduction to hyperbolic partial differential equations and a powerful class of numerical methods for approximating their solution, including both linear problems and nonlinear conservation laws. These equations describe a wide range of wave propagation and transport phenomena arising in nearly every scientific and engineering discipline. Several applications are described in a self-contained manner, along with much of the mathematical theory of hyperbolic problems. High-resolution versions of Godunov's method are developed, in which Riemann problems are solved to determine the local wave structure and limiters are then applied to eliminate numerical oscillations. These methods were originally designed to capture shock waves accurately, but are also useful tools for studying linear wave-propagation problems, particularly in heterogenous material. The methods studied are implemented in the CLAWPACK software package and source code for all the examples presented can be found on the web, along with animations of many of the simulations. This provides an excellent learning environment for understanding wave propagation phenomena and finite volume methods.

Finite Volume Methods for Hyperbolic Problems (Cambridge Texts in Applied Mathematics, 31) Review

This book starts from simple things and moves to pretty complicated staff graciously. It is useful even as an introduction to the hyperbolic equations. Finally, this is the only book I use at most every day. This is the book I would strongly recommend to all students who study this field and to researchers. It has a very good and comprehensive reference. The author develop even the software (unfortunately, this is FORTRAN, not C). The source is available and well discussed in the book (there is a whole chapter). I did not use it but found this is a very good practice. It should be useful for student also.Many things are really nice. For example, the book gives a very good view of the nature of oscillations in high order schemes, not only formulas. And so on...However, there are few things I was not satisfied.1. There are no comprehensive discussion about non-uniform and non-rectangular grids. It is not good, for example, for people who works in spherical coordinates (for example in some brunches of geophysics).2. There is no information about FCT methods that are still very popular because they give a very straightforward way to use 4th and higher order methods. However, there is a reference to the Oran and Boris book, for instance.3. It is sometimes really pure mathematical description especially for non-linear equations. It was really inconvenient for me. Fortunately, good reference helped.There are more things were bothered. However, this is personal. The author works with the advection equation a lot, but does not like to discuss more the conservation form of continuity equation which I would prefer. In spite of author's efforts, I think still that the wave propagation method is not so convenient as flux method even for non-conservative equations. But it depends.Finally, this book is definitely fine and, I think, it is the best among all books in this field (maybe except the Hirsch book which is "Numerical computation of internal and external flows" 1988). I would highly recommend it to buy. Help other customers find the most helpful reviews� Was this review helpful to you?�Yes No Report abuse | PermalinkComment Comment

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Wednesday, June 26, 2013

Fisiopatología. Un enfoque clínico (Spanish Edition)

Fisiopatolog a. Un enfoque clínico (Spanish Edition)

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La segunda edición de Fisiopatología. Alteraciones funcionales de la salud ofrece una perspectiva cl nica nica que facilita el aprendizaje presentando la fisiopatolog� a como la ven los profesionales sanitarios. Mientras que un abordaje tradicional organizado por sistemas a sla de forma poco pr �ctica las enfermedades y las relaciona con nico sistema corporal, este manual describe cómo las distintas patologías afectan a m �ltiples sistemas. Adem� s, en lugar de ocuparse de un n �mero limitado de enfermedades, fomentando la repetici� n mec� nica de los factores clave de las mismas, el abordaje clínico describe en detalle los mecanismos de cada enfermedad. Al dominar los principales conceptos de la funci� n humana alterada, los estudiantes obtienen una comprensi �n m �s profunda de m ltiples afecciones, en lugar de memorizar datos sobre enfermedades concretas. El lector adquiere conocimientos poniendo en práctica los conceptos, de este forma aprende a pensar sobre la fisiolopatolog� a del mismo modo en que tendr � que pensar en un entorno cl nico, trabajando a partir de los s �ntomas hasta la causa, en lugar de al contrario. Cada cap �tulo describe modelos cl� nicos, mejorando as � la aplicación de este material a la pr �ctica diaria.

Fisiopatolog a. Un enfoque clínico (Spanish Edition) Review

The book is basic, with poor information and in a incomplete form. Is for use in high school, not universitu

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